Text Mode – Text version of the exam 1. Lisa, a registered nurse, is conducting a wound assessment of a patient who has a pressure ulcer on the sacral area. The wound has full-thickness tissue loss in which adipose (fat) is visible, but bone, tendon, or muscle are not exposed. Slough may be present but does not obscure the depth of tissue loss. How should Lisa stage this pressure ulcer? A) Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer 2. Emily, a 58-year-old patient with a history of chronic kidney disease, is admitted to the medical unit for evaluation. Upon reviewing her lab results, you notice signs of metabolic alkalosis. As a nursing professional, you know that the body tries to naturally compensate for such imbalances. What would be the body’s physiological response to compensate for Emily’s metabolic alkalosis? A) Slowing down the respiratory rate. 3. You are conducting a head-to-toe assessment on Lisa, a 45-year-old female who was admitted with complaints of nausea and prolonged vomiting. The admitting physician suspects she might have metabolic alkalosis. As a nurse with a strong understanding of acid-base imbalances, what clinical manifestation would you particularly look out for in assessing Lisa for metabolic alkalosis? A) Low blood pressure. 4. You are working in the emergency department and are responsible for administering blood products to patients as needed. John, a 52-year-old male, has just been admitted with severe bleeding due to a motor vehicle accident. Different blood products are considered for rapid infusion to manage his condition. Which among the following blood products is typically infused quickly to be effective? A) Platelets 5. Maria, a 72-year-old patient, has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of fluid volume deficit (FVD) following an episode of severe diarrhea. The medical team is contemplating the use of a hypotonic solution as part of her fluid replacement therapy. As a nursing professional, what rationale would you provide for choosing a hypotonic solution in treating Maria’s FVD? A) A hypotonic solution delivers an abundance of sodium and chloride ions. 6. Keane, a 46-year-old patient with anemia, is undergoing a blood transfusion. About 30 minutes into the transfusion, you notice that Keane’s body temperature has risen. As a nurse well-versed in the potential complications associated with blood transfusions, how would you interpret this elevation in body temperature? A) A routine reaction to the blood transfusion. 7. You are caring for a patient who is receiving intravenous fluids following a surgical procedure. The physician explains that the type of fluid chosen is meant to restore cellular hydration. Intrigued by the process, a nursing student with you asks how water moves from one concentration to another across cell membranes. What term describes the net movement of water from a higher concentration to a lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane? A) Brownian motion 8. Nina, a 60-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease, is experiencing electrolyte imbalances. You’re explaining to her family that her endocrine system plays a role in maintaining electrolyte homeostasis. Specifically, what does the endocrine system typically regulate when it comes to electrolyte balance in the body? A) Reabsorption of chloride and excretion of sodium. 9. You are teaching a group of nursing students about fluid and electrolyte balance. During the discussion, you focus on the intracellular fluid (ICF) composition. One of the students asks which anion is predominantly present in the ICF. How would you answer? A) Chloride 10. Katherine, a 50-year-old patient, comes to the emergency department complaining of severe diarrhea and dehydration. As a nurse experienced in identifying fluid imbalances, you are tasked with assessing her for fluid volume deficit (FVD). What clinical manifestation would you specifically anticipate in Katherine? A) Strong, bounding pulse. 11. You’re supervising a group of nursing students in a clinical setting, and the topic of intracellular fluid (ICF) comes up. One of the students is curious about the major cation present in the ICF. As an experienced nurse, how would you answer? A) Phosphorus 12. You are caring for Martin, a 65-year-old man who has been admitted with muscle weakness and confusion. Blood tests are ordered, and you suspect he may have hypophosphatemia. Which of the following conditions could potentially lead to a decrease in serum phosphate levels like you suspect in Martin? A) Chronic alcohol abuse. 13. You’re closely monitoring Emily, a 59-year-old patient with multiple health concerns. You’re especially attentive to her risk for imbalances in electrolytes. Which among the following medical conditions would heighten Emily’s risk for developing an excess of phosphate, also known as hyperphosphatemia? A) Elevated levels of potassium (Hyperkalemia). 14. During morning rounds, you’re discussing lab results with Dr. Williams. She emphasizes the importance of interpreting calcium levels in a specific context for accurate diagnosis and treatment. In medical practice, normal calcium levels should generally be considered in conjunction with which of the following? A) Blood fats 15. During a nutritional education session, you’re discussing with your patient Sarah about the importance of absorbing essential nutrients for overall health. Sarah is especially keen on optimizing her bone health and queries you on how calcium is absorbed. What specific substance plays a central role in facilitating calcium absorption within the gastrointestinal tract? A) The role of Vitamin D. 16. You’re conducting a comprehensive health assessment on Mark, a 42-year-old male patient. Part of the assessment involves calculating his total body water percentage. You know that multiple factors influence this calculation. Which of the following elements is not a significant influencer of total body water percentage? A) The presence of fat tissue. 17. You are reviewing the lab results for Julia, a 65-year-old patient who has just been diagnosed with hypocalcemia. You’re considering appropriate nursing diagnoses to address her condition. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most fitting for a patient experiencing low levels of calcium? A) High risk for injury due to confusion. 18. Samantha, a 54-year-old woman, is admitted to the hospital and is receiving hypertonic fluids as part of her treatment plan. As a nurse responsible for her care, you are aware that monitoring for potential complications is crucial. Which of the following is not a potential complication that you need to monitor for while she is on hypertonic fluids? A) Shrinkage of cells. 19. You’re caring for a patient who recently had a parathyroidectomy. Knowing the interplay of hormones that regulate calcium levels is critical in managing her postoperative care. Which hormone is released when there is an increase in serum calcium levels? A) Release of parathyroid hormone. 20. You are managing the care of Robert, a 72-year-old patient who has been admitted with respiratory issues. After reviewing his arterial blood gas (ABG) results, you suspect acidosis. Which electrolyte’s presence is a contributing factor to the development of acidosis? A) Involvement of chloride. 21. You are precepting a group of nursing students and discussing the respiratory system’s role in maintaining acid-base balance. One of the students asks how the lungs participate in this crucial function. How would you explain the lungs’ role in regulating acid-base balance? A) Dividing carbonic acid into two components. 22. During a clinical rotation in the respiratory unit, you’re explaining to nursing students the different physiological systems that maintain the body’s acid-base balance. One student is curious about the specific role of the respiratory system in this regulation. How does the respiratory system contribute to acid-base balance? A) Through the formation of bicarbonate. 23. You’re caring for Emma, a patient in the ICU with severe pneumonia. The physician orders an arterial blood gas (ABG) test to better understand her respiratory status. While reviewing the ABG results, you take note of various components. Which of the following is the gaseous element measured in an ABG? A) Presence of Hydrogen.Practice Mode
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Questions
B) Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer
C) Stage 3 Pressure Ulcer
D) Stage 4 Pressure Ulcer
B) Speeding up the respiratory rate.
C) Enhancing urine output.
D) Reducing urine output.
B) Variability in urine production.
C) Elevated central venous pressure (CVP).
D) Reduced levels of serum potassium.
B) Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
C) Packed red blood cells (PRBC)
D) Dextran
B) Hypotonic solutions are advised in large volumes immediately after surgery.
C) A hypotonic solution offers free water, aiding in renal solute excretion.
D) A hypotonic solution is employed to manage low sodium levels in the blood.
B) An indication of systemic infection (sepsis).
C) A typical bodily function unrelated to the transfusion.
D) A potential sign of a transfusion reaction.
B) Osmosis
C) Filtration
D) Diffusion
B) Reabsorption of potassium and excretion of sodium.
C) Reabsorption of sodium and excretion of chloride.
D) Reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium.
B) Phosphorus
C) Potassium
D) Sodium
B) Rapid heart rate.
C) Distended neck veins.
D) Crackles in the lungs.
B) Magnesium
C) Potassium
D) Sodium
B) Paget’s disease of the bone.
C) Advanced liver cirrhosis.
D) End-stage renal failure.
B) Decreased levels of calcium (Hypocalcemia).
C) Raised levels of blood sugar (Hyperglycemia).
D) Reduced levels of sodium (Hyponatremia).
B) Serum protein levels
C) Sodium concentration
D) Blood glucose levels
B) Influence of Vitamin C.
C) Presence of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl).
D) Levels of Blood Glucose.
B) Gender of the individual.
C) Age of the patient.
D) Amount of muscle mass.
B) Elevated risk for injury related to bleeding.
C) Bowel constipation.
D) Ineffective airway clearance.
B) Dehydration at the cellular level.
C) Excess in fluid volume.
D) Risk of water intoxication.
B) Secretion of aldosterone.
C) Emission of calcitonin.
D) Production of renin.
B) Inclusion of potassium.
C) Presence of sodium.
D) Concentration of hydrogen.
B) Utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) to control hydrogen ion levels.
C) Reclaiming bicarbonate ions.
D) Transporting hydrogen ions towards the renal tubules.
B) By altering the rate and depth of breathing.
C) By ramping up mucus production.
D) Through the reabsorption of bicarbonate.
B) Level of Bicarbonate.