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MSN Exam for Emphysema (PM)
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Question 1
A nurse is assessing a male client with chronic airflow limitations and notes that the client has a “barrel chest.” The nurse interprets that this client has which of the following forms of chronic airflow limitations?
A
Bronchial asthma
B
Bronchial asthma and bronchitis
C
Emphysema
D
Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Question 1 Explanation:
The client with emphysema has hyperinflation of the alveoli and flattening of the diaphragm. These lead to increased anteroposterior diameter, referred to as “barrel chest.” The client also has dyspnea with prolonged expiration and has hyperresonant lungs to percussion.
Question 2
Emphysema can be cured.
A
False
B
True
Question 2 Explanation:
There is no cure but the symptoms can be treated and progression of the disease can be slowed.
Question 3
A male client with emphysema becomes restless and confused. What step should nurse Jasmine take next?
A
Check the client’s temperature.
B
Encourage the client to perform pursed lip breathing.
C
Assess the client’s potassium level.
D
Increase the client’s oxygen flow rate.
Question 3 Explanation:
Purse lip breathing prevents the collapse of lung unit and helps client control rate and depth of breathing.
Question 4
Of the following oxygen administration devices, which has the advantage of providing high oxygen concentration?
A
Catheter
B
Venturi mask
C
Non-rebreather mask
D
Face tent
Question 4 Explanation:
The non-rebreather mask provides high oxygen concentration but is usually poor fitting. The Venturi mask provides low levels of supplemental oxygen. The catheter is an inexpensive device that provides a variable fraction of inspired oxygen and may cause gastric distention. A face tent provides a fairly accurate fraction of inspired oxygen, but is bulky and uncomfortable. It would not be the device of choice to provide high oxygen concentration.
Question 5
A lung transplant is the only way to slow the progression of emphysema.
A
False
B
True
Question 5 Explanation:
Smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and prescription drug therapy are all ways to slow the progression of emphysema.
Incorrect
Question 6
Mr. Vasquez 56-year-old client with a 40-year history of smoking one to two packs of cigarettes per day has a chronic cough producing thick sputum, peripheral edema and cyanotic nail beds. Based on this information, he most likely has which of the following conditions?
A
Chronic obstructive bronchitis
B
Emphysema
C
Asthma
D
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Question 6 Explanation:
Because of this extensive smoking history and symptoms the client most likely has chronic obstructive bronchitis. Client with ARDS have acute symptoms of hypoxia and typically need large amounts of oxygen. Clients with asthma and emphysema tend not to have chronic cough or peripheral edema.
Question 7
The inhalation of environmental air pollutants in the #1 cause of emphysema cases.
A
True
B
False
Question 7 Explanation:
Smoking is the #1 cause of emphysema
Question 8
Which of the following types of lung cancer is the most prevalent carcinoma of the lung for both men and women?
A
Large cell carcinoma
B
Small cell carcinoma
C
Adenocarcinoma
D
Squamous cell carcinoma
Question 8 Explanation:
Adenocarcinoma presents more peripherally as peripheral masses or nodules and often metastasizes.
Question 9
The nurse in charge is teaching a client with emphysema how to perform pursed-lip breathing. The client asks the nurse to explain the purpose of this breathing technique. Which explanation should the nurse provide?
A
It increases inspiratory muscle strength.
B
It decreases use of accessory breathing muscles.
C
It prolongs the inspiratory phase of respiration.
D
It helps prevent early airway collapse.
Question 9 Explanation:
Pursed-lip breathing helps prevent early airway collapse. Learning this technique helps the client control respiration during periods of excitement, anxiety, exercise, and respiratory distress. To increase inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, the client may need to learn inspiratory resistive breathing. To decrease accessory muscle use and thus reduce the work of breathing, the client may need to learn diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing. In pursed-lip breathing, the client mimics a normal inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratio of 1:2. (A client with emphysema may have an I:E ratio as high as 1:4.)
Question 10
Emphysema is described as:
A
A disease that results in a common clinical outcome of reversible airflow obstruction.
B
The presence of cough and sputum production for at least a combined total of two or three months in each of two consecutive years.
C
Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi
D
A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli.
Question 10 Explanation:
Emphysema is a category of COPD.
Question 11
Which of the following actions is most appropriate for the nurse to take when the patient demonstrates subcutaneous emphysema along the suture line or chest dressing 2 hours after chest surgery?
A
Record the observation.
B
Report the finding to the physician immediately.
C
Apply a compression dressing to the area.
D
Measure the patient’s pulse oximetry.
Question 11 Explanation:
Subcutaneous emphysema occurs after chest surgery as the air that is located within the pleural cavity is expelled through the tissue opening created by the surgical procedure.
Question 12
Air flows through the trachea into the left and right bronchi upon inspiration.
A
True
B
False
Question 13
A person with emphysema will not exhibit noticeable symptoms.
A
True
B
False
Question 13 Explanation:
They will exhibit symptoms including chronic cough, loss of appetite, fatigue, shortness of breath, excessive mucous production, wheezing, and blue tinting of the skin.
Incorrect
Question 14
Emphysema is not linked to which of the following terms?
A
Dyspnea
B
Liver cirrhosis
C
Blue Bloater
D
Tachycardia
Question 15
Which of the following is the most important risk factor for development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
A
Cigarette smoking
B
Occupational exposure
C
Genetic abnormalities
D
Air pollution
Question 15 Explanation:
Pipe, cigar and other types of tobacco smoking are also risk factors. While a risk factor, occupational exposure is not the most important risk factor for development of COPD. Air pollution is a risk factor for development of COPD, but it is not the most important risk factor. A deficiency of alpha-antitrypsin is a risk factor for development of COPD, but it is not the most important risk factor.
Question 16
Nurse Murphy administers albuterol (Proventil), as prescribed, to a client with emphysema. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect?
A
Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute
B
Dilated and reactive pupils
C
Heart rate of 100 beats/minute
D
Urine output of 40 ml/hour
Question 16 Explanation:
In a client with emphysema, albuterol is used as a bronchodilator. A respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute indicates that the drug has achieved its therapeutic effect because fewer respirations are required to achieve oxygenation. Albuterol has no effect on pupil reaction or urine output. It may cause a change in the heart rate, but this is an adverse, not therapeutic, effect.
Question 17
A nurse is caring for a male client with emphysema who is receiving oxygen. The nurse assesses the oxygen flow rate to ensure that it does not exceed:
A
2 L/min
B
1 L/min
C
6 L/min
D
10 L/min
Question 17 Explanation:
Oxygen is used cautiously and should not exceed 2 L/min. Because of the long-standing hypercapnia that occurs in emphysema, the respiratory drive is triggered by low oxygen levels rather than increased carbon dioxide levels, as is the case in a normal respiratory system.
Question 18
Carbon monoxide is the waste product expelled from the body when you breathe out.
A
True
B
False
Question 18 Explanation:
Carbon dioxide is the waste product, not carbon monoxide
Question 19
Once diagnosed with emphysema, the disease state is constant.
A
True
B
False
Question 19 Explanation:
The disease state is progressive. Even though it cannot be stopped it can be slowed with treatment.
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MSN Exam for Emphysema (EM)
Choose the letter of the correct answer. You got 19 minutes to finish the exam .Good luck!
Start
Congratulations - you have completed MSN Exam for Emphysema (EM).
You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%.
Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%
Your answers are highlighted below.
Question 1
Which of the following is the most important risk factor for development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
A
Occupational exposure
B
Air pollution
C
Genetic abnormalities
D
Cigarette smoking
Question 1 Explanation:
Pipe, cigar and other types of tobacco smoking are also risk factors. While a risk factor, occupational exposure is not the most important risk factor for development of COPD. Air pollution is a risk factor for development of COPD, but it is not the most important risk factor. A deficiency of alpha-antitrypsin is a risk factor for development of COPD, but it is not the most important risk factor.
Question 2
Emphysema can be cured.
A
True
B
False
Question 2 Explanation:
There is no cure but the symptoms can be treated and progression of the disease can be slowed.
Question 3
Which of the following actions is most appropriate for the nurse to take when the patient demonstrates subcutaneous emphysema along the suture line or chest dressing 2 hours after chest surgery?
A
Measure the patient’s pulse oximetry.
B
Record the observation.
C
Report the finding to the physician immediately.
D
Apply a compression dressing to the area.
Question 3 Explanation:
Subcutaneous emphysema occurs after chest surgery as the air that is located within the pleural cavity is expelled through the tissue opening created by the surgical procedure.
Question 4
A nurse is assessing a male client with chronic airflow limitations and notes that the client has a “barrel chest.” The nurse interprets that this client has which of the following forms of chronic airflow limitations?
A
Emphysema
B
Bronchial asthma
C
Bronchial asthma and bronchitis
D
Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Question 4 Explanation:
The client with emphysema has hyperinflation of the alveoli and flattening of the diaphragm. These lead to increased anteroposterior diameter, referred to as “barrel chest.” The client also has dyspnea with prolonged expiration and has hyperresonant lungs to percussion.
Question 5
Emphysema is not linked to which of the following terms?
A
Blue Bloater
B
Dyspnea
C
Tachycardia
D
Liver cirrhosis
Question 6
Of the following oxygen administration devices, which has the advantage of providing high oxygen concentration?
A
Catheter
B
Face tent
C
Venturi mask
D
Non-rebreather mask
Question 6 Explanation:
The non-rebreather mask provides high oxygen concentration but is usually poor fitting. The Venturi mask provides low levels of supplemental oxygen. The catheter is an inexpensive device that provides a variable fraction of inspired oxygen and may cause gastric distention. A face tent provides a fairly accurate fraction of inspired oxygen, but is bulky and uncomfortable. It would not be the device of choice to provide high oxygen concentration.
Question 7
Air flows through the trachea into the left and right bronchi upon inspiration.
A
False
B
True
Question 8
A person with emphysema will not exhibit noticeable symptoms.
A
False
B
True
Question 8 Explanation:
They will exhibit symptoms including chronic cough, loss of appetite, fatigue, shortness of breath, excessive mucous production, wheezing, and blue tinting of the skin.
Incorrect
Question 9
Mr. Vasquez 56-year-old client with a 40-year history of smoking one to two packs of cigarettes per day has a chronic cough producing thick sputum, peripheral edema and cyanotic nail beds. Based on this information, he most likely has which of the following conditions?
A
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
B
Chronic obstructive bronchitis
C
Asthma
D
Emphysema
Question 9 Explanation:
Because of this extensive smoking history and symptoms the client most likely has chronic obstructive bronchitis. Client with ARDS have acute symptoms of hypoxia and typically need large amounts of oxygen. Clients with asthma and emphysema tend not to have chronic cough or peripheral edema.
Question 10
Carbon monoxide is the waste product expelled from the body when you breathe out.
A
False
B
True
Question 10 Explanation:
Carbon dioxide is the waste product, not carbon monoxide
Question 11
A nurse is caring for a male client with emphysema who is receiving oxygen. The nurse assesses the oxygen flow rate to ensure that it does not exceed:
A
2 L/min
B
10 L/min
C
1 L/min
D
6 L/min
Question 11 Explanation:
Oxygen is used cautiously and should not exceed 2 L/min. Because of the long-standing hypercapnia that occurs in emphysema, the respiratory drive is triggered by low oxygen levels rather than increased carbon dioxide levels, as is the case in a normal respiratory system.
Question 12
A male client with emphysema becomes restless and confused. What step should nurse Jasmine take next?
A
Increase the client’s oxygen flow rate.
B
Encourage the client to perform pursed lip breathing.
C
Check the client’s temperature.
D
Assess the client’s potassium level.
Question 12 Explanation:
Purse lip breathing prevents the collapse of lung unit and helps client control rate and depth of breathing.
Question 13
Emphysema is described as:
A
The presence of cough and sputum production for at least a combined total of two or three months in each of two consecutive years.
B
A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli.
C
A disease that results in a common clinical outcome of reversible airflow obstruction.
D
Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi
Question 13 Explanation:
Emphysema is a category of COPD.
Question 14
The inhalation of environmental air pollutants in the #1 cause of emphysema cases.
A
True
B
False
Question 14 Explanation:
Smoking is the #1 cause of emphysema
Question 15
A lung transplant is the only way to slow the progression of emphysema.
A
True
B
False
Question 15 Explanation:
Smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and prescription drug therapy are all ways to slow the progression of emphysema.
Incorrect
Question 16
Once diagnosed with emphysema, the disease state is constant.
A
False
B
True
Question 16 Explanation:
The disease state is progressive. Even though it cannot be stopped it can be slowed with treatment.
Question 17
The nurse in charge is teaching a client with emphysema how to perform pursed-lip breathing. The client asks the nurse to explain the purpose of this breathing technique. Which explanation should the nurse provide?
A
It helps prevent early airway collapse.
B
It increases inspiratory muscle strength.
C
It prolongs the inspiratory phase of respiration.
D
It decreases use of accessory breathing muscles.
Question 17 Explanation:
Pursed-lip breathing helps prevent early airway collapse. Learning this technique helps the client control respiration during periods of excitement, anxiety, exercise, and respiratory distress. To increase inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, the client may need to learn inspiratory resistive breathing. To decrease accessory muscle use and thus reduce the work of breathing, the client may need to learn diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing. In pursed-lip breathing, the client mimics a normal inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratio of 1:2. (A client with emphysema may have an I:E ratio as high as 1:4.)
Question 18
Which of the following types of lung cancer is the most prevalent carcinoma of the lung for both men and women?
A
Small cell carcinoma
B
Large cell carcinoma
C
Adenocarcinoma
D
Squamous cell carcinoma
Question 18 Explanation:
Adenocarcinoma presents more peripherally as peripheral masses or nodules and often metastasizes.
Question 19
Nurse Murphy administers albuterol (Proventil), as prescribed, to a client with emphysema. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect?
A
Urine output of 40 ml/hour
B
Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute
C
Heart rate of 100 beats/minute
D
Dilated and reactive pupils
Question 19 Explanation:
In a client with emphysema, albuterol is used as a bronchodilator. A respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute indicates that the drug has achieved its therapeutic effect because fewer respirations are required to achieve oxygenation. Albuterol has no effect on pupil reaction or urine output. It may cause a change in the heart rate, but this is an adverse, not therapeutic, effect.
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Text Mode
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Q.1) Carbon monoxide is the waste product expelled from the body when you breathe out.
True
False
Q.2) Of the following oxygen administration devices, which has the advantage of providing high oxygen concentration?
Non-rebreather mask
Venturi mask
Catheter
Face tent
Q.3) A male client with emphysema becomes restless and confused. What step should nurse Jasmine take next?
Encourage the client to perform pursed lip breathing.
Check the client’s temperature.
Assess the client’s potassium level.
Increase the client’s oxygen flow rate.
Q.4) Which of the following is the most important risk factor for development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
Cigarette smoking
Occupational exposure
Air pollution
Genetic abnormalities
Q.5) A nurse is caring for a male client with emphysema who is receiving oxygen. The nurse assesses the oxygen flow rate to ensure that it does not exceed:
1 L/min
2 L/min
6 L/min
10 L/min
Q.6) Mr. Vasquez 56-year-old client with a 40-year history of smoking one to two packs of cigarettes per day has a chronic cough producing thick sputum, peripheral edema and cyanotic nail beds. Based on this information, he most likely has which of the following conditions?
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Asthma
Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Emphysema
Q.7) The nurse in charge is teaching a client with emphysema how to perform pursed-lip breathing. The client asks the nurse to explain the purpose of this breathing technique. Which explanation should the nurse provide?
It helps prevent early airway collapse.
It increases inspiratory muscle strength.
It decreases use of accessory breathing muscles.
It prolongs the inspiratory phase of respiration.
Q.8) Emphysema can be cured.
True
False
Q.9) Emphysema is described as:
A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli.
A disease that results in a common clinical outcome of reversible airflow obstruction.
The presence of cough and sputum production for at least a combined total of two or three months in each of two consecutive years.
Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi
Q.10) Emphysema is not linked to which of the following terms?
Blue Bloater
Dyspnea
Liver cirrhosis
Tachycardia
Q.11) Which of the following actions is most appropriate for the nurse to take when the patient demonstrates subcutaneous emphysema along the suture line or chest dressing 2 hours after chest surgery?
Record the observation.
Apply a compression dressing to the area.
Measure the patient’s pulse oximetry.
Report the finding to the physician immediately.
Q.12) A person with emphysema will not exhibit noticeable symptoms.
True
False
Q.13) Nurse Murphy administers albuterol (Proventil), as prescribed, to a client with emphysema. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect?
Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute
Dilated and reactive pupils
Urine output of 40 ml/hour
Heart rate of 100 beats/minute
Q.14) The inhalation of environmental air pollutants in the #1 cause of emphysema cases.
True
False
Q.15) Air flows through the trachea into the left and right bronchi upon inspiration.
True
False
Q.16) Once diagnosed with emphysema, the disease state is constant.
True
False
Q.17) A nurse is assessing a male client with chronic airflow limitations and notes that the client has a “barrel chest.” The nurse interprets that this client has which of the following forms of chronic airflow limitations?
Emphysema
Bronchial asthma
Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Bronchial asthma and bronchitis
Q.18) A lung transplant is the only way to slow the progression of emphysema.
True
False
Q.19) Which of the following types of lung cancer is the most prevalent carcinoma of the lung for both men and women?
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Answers and Rationales
B. False . Carbon dioxide is the waste product, not carbon monoxide
A. Non-rebreather mask. The non-rebreather mask provides high oxygen concentration but is usually poor fitting. The Venturi mask provides low levels of supplemental oxygen. The catheter is an inexpensive device that provides a variable fraction of inspired oxygen and may cause gastric distention. A face tent provides a fairly accurate fraction of inspired oxygen, but is bulky and uncomfortable. It would not be the device of choice to provide high oxygen concentration.
A. Encourage the client to perform pursed lip breathing. Purse lip breathing prevents the collapse of lung unit and helps client control rate and depth of breathing.
A. Cigarette smoking . Pipe, cigar and other types of tobacco smoking are also risk factors. While a risk factor, occupational exposure is not the most important risk factor for development of COPD. Air pollution is a risk factor for development of COPD, but it is not the most important risk factor. A deficiency of alpha-antitrypsin is a risk factor for development of COPD, but it is not the most important risk factor.
B. 2 L/min . Oxygen is used cautiously and should not exceed 2 L/min. Because of the long-standing hypercapnia that occurs in emphysema, the respiratory drive is triggered by low oxygen levels rather than increased carbon dioxide levels, as is the case in a normal respiratory system.
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis . Because of this extensive smoking history and symptoms the client most likely has chronic obstructive bronchitis. Client with ARDS have acute symptoms of hypoxia and typically need large amounts of oxygen. Clients with asthma and emphysema tend not to have chronic cough or peripheral edema.
A. It helps prevent early airway collapse. Pursed-lip breathing helps prevent early airway collapse. Learning this technique helps the client control respiration during periods of excitement, anxiety, exercise, and respiratory distress. To increase inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, the client may need to learn inspiratory resistive breathing. To decrease accessory muscle use and thus reduce the work of breathing, the client may need to learn diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing. In pursed-lip breathing, the client mimics a normal inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratio of 1:2. (A client with emphysema may have an I:E ratio as high as 1:4.)
B. False . There is no cure but the symptoms can be treated and progression of the disease can be slowed.
A. A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli. Emphysema is a category of COPD.
A. Blue Bloater
A. Record the observation.Subcutaneous emphysema occurs after chest surgery as the air that is located within the pleural cavity is expelled through the tissue opening created by the surgical procedure.
B. False. They will exhibit symptoms including chronic cough, loss of appetite, fatigue, shortness of breath, excessive mucous production, wheezing, and blue tinting of the skin.
A. Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute. In a client with emphysema, albuterol is used as a bronchodilator. A respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute indicates that the drug has achieved its therapeutic effect because fewer respirations are required to achieve oxygenation. Albuterol has no effect on pupil reaction or urine output. It may cause a change in the heart rate, but this is an adverse, not therapeutic, effect.
B. False . Smoking is the #1 cause of emphysema
A. True
B. False. The disease state is progressive. Even though it cannot be stopped it can be slowed with treatment.
A. Emphysema . The client with emphysema has hyperinflation of the alveoli and flattening of the diaphragm. These lead to increased anteroposterior diameter, referred to as “barrel chest.” The client also has dyspnea with prolonged expiration and has hyperresonant lungs to percussion.
B. False. Smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and prescription drug therapy are all ways to slow the progression of emphysema.
A. Adenocarcinoma . Adenocarcinoma presents more peripherally as peripheral masses or nodules and often metastasizes.