NCLEX Practice Exam for Legal , Ethical, Cultural & Nursing Jurisprudence

The goal of palliative care is the prevention, relief, reduction, or soothing of symptoms of disease or disorders without effecting a cure.

Grief is manifested in a variety of ways that are unique to an individual and based on personal experiences, cultural expectations, and spiritual beliefs. The sequencing of stages or behaviors of grief may occur in order, they may be skipped, or they may reoccur. The amount of time to resolve grief also varies among individuals.

Knowing what to do to prevent injury is a part of the standards of care for nurses to follow. Safety guidelines dictate raising the side rails, staying with the client, lowering the bed, and observing the client until the environment is safe. As a nurse, these activities are known as basic safety measures that prevent injuries, and to not perform them is not acting in a safe manner. Negligence is conduct that falls below the standard of care that protects others against unreasonable risk of harm.

Without understanding one’s own beliefs and values, a bias or preconceived belief by the nurse could create an unexpected conflict or an area of neglect in the plan of care for a client (who might be expecting something totally different from the care). During assessment values, beliefs, practices should be identified by the nurse and used as a guide to identify the choices by the nurse to meet specific needs/outcomes of that client. Therefore identification of values, beliefs, and practices allows for planning meaningful and beneficial care specific for this client.

The ethic of care explores the notion of care as a central activity of human behavior. Those who write about the ethics of care advocate a more female biased theory that is based on understanding relationships, especially personal narratives.

The nurse is responsible for clarifying all orders that are illegible, unreasonable, unsafe, or incorrect. The failure of the nurse to question the physician about an order creates an area of liability on the nurse’s part because this is perceived as a medical action and not the role of the nurse to write orders. Some RNs do have prescriptive privileges based upon advanced degrees and certification. Therefore the nurse who cannot correct the order must document that the physician was called and clarification or a new order was given to correct the unclear or illegible one that was currently on the chart. Phone calls, follow-up, and lack of follow-up by the physician should also be documented if there is a problem with getting the information in a timely manner. The nurse must show the sequence of events of a situation in a clear manner if there is any conflict or question about any orders or procedures that were not appropriate. Assessments and documentation of the client’s status should also be included if there is a potential risk for harm present. Contact of the staff’s chain of command should also be specifically stated for the proof of the responsibilities being followed according to hospital policy.

In the anger stage of Kubler-Ross’s stages of dying, the individual resists the loss and may strike out at everyone and everything, in this case, the nurse.

Each step in the processing of an ethical dilemma resembles steps in critical thinking. The nurse begins by gathering information and moves through assessment, identification of the problem, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Nurses strengthen their ability to advocate for a client when nurses are able to identify personal values and then accurately identify the values of the client and articulate the client’s point of view.

Statutory law is created by legislature. It creates statues such as the NPA, which defines the role of the nurse and expectations of the performance of one’s duties and explains what is contraindicated as guidelines for breech of those regulations.

If heat is applied for 1 hour or more, blood flow is reduced by reflex vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction is the opposite of the desired effect of heat application

Justice is defined as the fairness of distribution of resources. However, guidelines for a hierarchy of needs have been established, such as with organ transplantation. Nurses are moved to areas of greatest need when shortages occur on the floors. No floor is left without staff, and another floor that had five staff will give up two to go help the floor that had no staff.

Justice refers to fairness. Health care providers agree to strive for justice in health care. The term often is used during discussions about resources. Decisions about who should receive available organs are always difficult.

The dominant value in American society of individual autonomy and self-determination may be in direct conflict with diverse groups. Advance directives, informed consent, and consent for hospice are examples of mandates that my violate client’s values.

Cultural competence is the process of acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that ensure delivery of culturally congruent care.

the ANA has established widely accepted codes that professional nurses attempt to follow.

The ethical issue was the inequality of treatment based strictly upon racial differences. Secondly, the drug was deliberately withheld even after results showed that the drug was working to cure the disease process in the white men for many years. So after many years, the black men were still not treated despite the outcome of the research process that showed the drug to be effective in controlling the disease early in the beginning of the research project. Therefore harm was done. Nonmaleficence, veracity, and justice were not followed.

Cultural awareness is an in-depth examination of one’s own background, recognizing biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people.

Spending time to let clients share their life experiences enables the nurse to know clients better. Knowing clients then facilitates choice of therapies that promote client decision making and autonomy, thus promoting a client’s self-esteem and dignity.

If the hospital fails to follow ADA guidelines for meeting special needs, the facility loses funding and status for receiving low-income loans or reimbursement of expenses. ADA protects the civil rights of disabled people. It applies to both the hospital clients and hospital staff. Privacy issues for persons who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been one issue in relationship to getting information when hospital staff have been exposed to unclean sticks. The ADA allows the infected client the right to choose whether or not to disclose that information.

This set of ethical principles provides the professional guidelines established by the ANA to maintain the highest standards for ideal conduct in practice. As a profession, the ANA wanted to establish rules and then incorporate guidelines for accountability and responsibility of each nurse within the practice setting.

Your signature as a witness only states that the person signing the form was the person who was listed in the procedure.

When ethical dilemmas arise, the nurses point of view unique and critical. The nurse usually interacts with clients over longer time intervals than do other disciples.

Disparities in health outcomes between the rich and the poor illustrate the influence of socioeconomic factors in morbidity and mortality. Social factors such as poverty and lack of universal medical insurance compromise the health status of the poor and unemployed.

It is helpful for the nurse to find simple care activities for the family to perform, such as feeding the client, washing the client’s face, combing hair, and filling out the client’s menu. This helps the family demonstrate their caring for the client and enables the client to feel their closeness and concern. a. Older adults often become particularly lonely at night and may feel more secure if a family member stays at the bedside during the night. The nurse should allow visitors to remain with dying clients at any time if the client wants them. It is up to the family to determine if they are feeling overwhelmed, not the nurse.

Stereotyping an “old man” as “nasty”is a gender bias and an ageism issue. The nurse is verbalizing a negative descriptor about the client.

Anyone, at any age, can be treated without parental permission for an STD infection. The client is “advised” to contact sexual partners but is not “required” to give names. Permission from parents is not needed, based upon current privacy laws.

Madeleine Leininger developed the theory on transcultural theory based on her observations on the behavior of selected people within a culture.

Cultural practices do not influence biocultural needs because they are inborn risks that are related to a biological need and not a learned cultural belief or practice.

It is not the family’s responsibility to assist in the communication process. Many families will leave someone to help at times, but it is the hospital’s legal obligation to find an interpreter for continued understanding by the client to make sure the client is fully informed and comprehends in his or her primary language.

Transcultural care means that by understanding and learning about specific cultural practices the nurse can integrate these practices into the plan of care for a specific individual client who has the same beliefs or practices to meet the client’s needs in a holistic manner of care.

The body of the deceased should be prepared before the family comes in to view and say their goodbyes. This includes removing all equipment, tubes, supplies, and dirty linens according to protocol, bathing the client, applying clean sheets, and removing trash from the room.

Without assessment and identification of the cultural needs, the nurse cannot begin to understand how these might influence the health problem or health care management.

Nurses need not assume that pain relief is equally valued across groups. Cultural pain may be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioners.

A guardian has been appointed by a court and has full legal rights to choose management of care.

A utilitarian system of ethics proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness.

Stereotyping an “old man” as “nasty”is a gender bias and an ageism issue. The nurse is verbalizing a negative descriptor about the client.

When ethical dilemmas arise, the nurses point of view unique and critical. The nurse usually interacts with clients over longer time intervals than do other disciples.

Disparities in health outcomes between the rich and the poor illustrate the influence of socioeconomic factors in morbidity and mortality. Social factors such as poverty and lack of universal medical insurance compromise the health status of the poor and unemployed.

Your signature as a witness only states that the person signing the form was the person who was listed in the procedure.

Nurses need not assume that pain relief is equally valued across groups. Cultural pain may be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioners.

In the anger stage of Kubler-Ross’s stages of dying, the individual resists the loss and may strike out at everyone and everything, in this case, the nurse.

If heat is applied for 1 hour or more, blood flow is reduced by reflex vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction is the opposite of the desired effect of heat application

Grief is manifested in a variety of ways that are unique to an individual and based on personal experiences, cultural expectations, and spiritual beliefs. The sequencing of stages or behaviors of grief may occur in order, they may be skipped, or they may reoccur. The amount of time to resolve grief also varies among individuals.

Anyone, at any age, can be treated without parental permission for an STD infection. The client is “advised” to contact sexual partners but is not “required” to give names. Permission from parents is not needed, based upon current privacy laws.

The ethic of care explores the notion of care as a central activity of human behavior. Those who write about the ethics of care advocate a more female biased theory that is based on understanding relationships, especially personal narratives.

It is not the family’s responsibility to assist in the communication process. Many families will leave someone to help at times, but it is the hospital’s legal obligation to find an interpreter for continued understanding by the client to make sure the client is fully informed and comprehends in his or her primary language.

If the hospital fails to follow ADA guidelines for meeting special needs, the facility loses funding and status for receiving low-income loans or reimbursement of expenses. ADA protects the civil rights of disabled people. It applies to both the hospital clients and hospital staff. Privacy issues for persons who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been one issue in relationship to getting information when hospital staff have been exposed to unclean sticks. The ADA allows the infected client the right to choose whether or not to disclose that information.

The body of the deceased should be prepared before the family comes in to view and say their goodbyes. This includes removing all equipment, tubes, supplies, and dirty linens according to protocol, bathing the client, applying clean sheets, and removing trash from the room.

Spending time to let clients share their life experiences enables the nurse to know clients better. Knowing clients then facilitates choice of therapies that promote client decision making and autonomy, thus promoting a client’s self-esteem and dignity.

A utilitarian system of ethics proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness.

Without understanding one’s own beliefs and values, a bias or preconceived belief by the nurse could create an unexpected conflict or an area of neglect in the plan of care for a client (who might be expecting something totally different from the care). During assessment values, beliefs, practices should be identified by the nurse and used as a guide to identify the choices by the nurse to meet specific needs/outcomes of that client. Therefore identification of values, beliefs, and practices allows for planning meaningful and beneficial care specific for this client.

The dominant value in American society of individual autonomy and self-determination may be in direct conflict with diverse groups. Advance directives, informed consent, and consent for hospice are examples of mandates that my violate client’s values.

The goal of palliative care is the prevention, relief, reduction, or soothing of symptoms of disease or disorders without effecting a cure.

Statutory law is created by legislature. It creates statues such as the NPA, which defines the role of the nurse and expectations of the performance of one’s duties and explains what is contraindicated as guidelines for breech of those regulations.

Cultural awareness is an in-depth examination of one’s own background, recognizing biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people.

A guardian has been appointed by a court and has full legal rights to choose management of care.

Madeleine Leininger developed the theory on transcultural theory based on her observations on the behavior of selected people within a culture.

The nurse is responsible for clarifying all orders that are illegible, unreasonable, unsafe, or incorrect. The failure of the nurse to question the physician about an order creates an area of liability on the nurse’s part because this is perceived as a medical action and not the role of the nurse to write orders. Some RNs do have prescriptive privileges based upon advanced degrees and certification. Therefore the nurse who cannot correct the order must document that the physician was called and clarification or a new order was given to correct the unclear or illegible one that was currently on the chart. Phone calls, follow-up, and lack of follow-up by the physician should also be documented if there is a problem with getting the information in a timely manner. The nurse must show the sequence of events of a situation in a clear manner if there is any conflict or question about any orders or procedures that were not appropriate. Assessments and documentation of the client’s status should also be included if there is a potential risk for harm present. Contact of the staff’s chain of command should also be specifically stated for the proof of the responsibilities being followed according to hospital policy.

It is helpful for the nurse to find simple care activities for the family to perform, such as feeding the client, washing the client’s face, combing hair, and filling out the client’s menu. This helps the family demonstrate their caring for the client and enables the client to feel their closeness and concern. a. Older adults often become particularly lonely at night and may feel more secure if a family member stays at the bedside during the night. The nurse should allow visitors to remain with dying clients at any time if the client wants them. It is up to the family to determine if they are feeling overwhelmed, not the nurse.

Transcultural care means that by understanding and learning about specific cultural practices the nurse can integrate these practices into the plan of care for a specific individual client who has the same beliefs or practices to meet the client’s needs in a holistic manner of care.

Justice refers to fairness. Health care providers agree to strive for justice in health care. The term often is used during discussions about resources. Decisions about who should receive available organs are always difficult.

Each step in the processing of an ethical dilemma resembles steps in critical thinking. The nurse begins by gathering information and moves through assessment, identification of the problem, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

This set of ethical principles provides the professional guidelines established by the ANA to maintain the highest standards for ideal conduct in practice. As a profession, the ANA wanted to establish rules and then incorporate guidelines for accountability and responsibility of each nurse within the practice setting.

Justice is defined as the fairness of distribution of resources. However, guidelines for a hierarchy of needs have been established, such as with organ transplantation. Nurses are moved to areas of greatest need when shortages occur on the floors. No floor is left without staff, and another floor that had five staff will give up two to go help the floor that had no staff.

Cultural practices do not influence biocultural needs because they are inborn risks that are related to a biological need and not a learned cultural belief or practice.

Without assessment and identification of the cultural needs, the nurse cannot begin to understand how these might influence the health problem or health care management.

The ethical issue was the inequality of treatment based strictly upon racial differences. Secondly, the drug was deliberately withheld even after results showed that the drug was working to cure the disease process in the white men for many years. So after many years, the black men were still not treated despite the outcome of the research process that showed the drug to be effective in controlling the disease early in the beginning of the research project. Therefore harm was done. Nonmaleficence, veracity, and justice were not followed.

Nurses strengthen their ability to advocate for a client when nurses are able to identify personal values and then accurately identify the values of the client and articulate the client’s point of view.

Cultural competence is the process of acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that ensure delivery of culturally congruent care.

the ANA has established widely accepted codes that professional nurses attempt to follow.

Knowing what to do to prevent injury is a part of the standards of care for nurses to follow. Safety guidelines dictate raising the side rails, staying with the client, lowering the bed, and observing the client until the environment is safe. As a nurse, these activities are known as basic safety measures that prevent injuries, and to not perform them is not acting in a safe manner. Negligence is conduct that falls below the standard of care that protects others against unreasonable risk of harm.