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NCLEX Practice Exam for LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, BIOETHICS AND RESEARCH 2 (PM)
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Question 1
Which of the following terms refer to the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to be measure?
A
Validity
B
Reliability
C
Sensitivity
D
Meaningfulness
Question 1 Explanation:
Validity is ensuring that the instrument contains appropriate questions about the research topic
Question 2
The following are basic steps in the controlling process of the department. Which of the following is NOT included?
A
Measure actual performance
B
Set nursing standards and criteria
C
Identify possible courses of action
D
Compare results of performance to standards and objectives
Question 2 Explanation:
This is a step in a quality control process and not a basic step in the control process.
Question 3
She knows that performance appraisal consists of all the following activities EXCEPT:
A
Focusing activity on the correction of identified behavior.
B
Setting specific standards and activities for individual performance.
C
Using agency standards as a guide.
D
Determine areas of strength and weaknesses
Question 3 Explanation:
Performance appraisal deal with both positive and negative performance; is not meant to be a fault-finding activity
Question 4
Which of the following statements refers to criteria?
A
Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care
B
Step-by-step guidelines
C
Statement which guide the group in decision making and problem solving
D
Agreed on level of nursing care
Question 4 Explanation:
Criteria are specific characteristics used to measure the standard of care.
Question 5
He thinks of an appropriate theoretical framework. Whose theory addresses the four modes of adaptation?
A
Jean Watson
B
Florence Nightingale
C
Sr. Callista Roy
D
Martha Rogers
Question 5 Explanation:
Sr. Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model which involves the physiologic mode, self-concept mode, role function mode and dependence mode
Question 6
She checks the documentary requirements for the applicants for staff nurse position. Which one is NOT necessary?
A
Record of related learning experience (RLE)
B
Professional identification card
C
Membership to accredited professional organization
D
Certificate of previous employment
Question 6 Explanation:
Record of RLE is not required for employment purposes but it is required for the nurse’s licensure examination.
Question 7
Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards. Which of the following is NOT a process standard?
A
Informed consent shall be secured prior to any invasive procedure
B
Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital.
C
Initial assessment shall be done to all patients within twenty four hours upon admission.
D
Patient education about their illness and treatment shall be provided for all patients and their families.
Question 7 Explanation:
This refers to an outcome standard, which is a result of the care that is rendered to the patient.
Question 8
Kevin is a member of the Nursing Research Council of the hospital. His first assignment is to determine the level of patient satisfaction on the care they received from the hospital. He plans to include all adult patients admitted from April to May, with average length of stay of 3-4 days, first admission, and with no complications. Which of the following is an extraneous variable of the study?
A
Date of admission
B
Absence of complications
C
Age of patients
D
Length of stay
Question 8 Explanation:
An extraneous variable is not the primary concern of the researcher but has an effect on the results of the study. Adult patients may be young, middle or late adult.
Question 9
Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be followed. Among the following standards, which is considered as a structure standard?
A
All patients shall have their weights taken recorded
B
Patients shall answer the evaluation form before discharge
C
The patients verbalized satisfaction of the nursing care received
D
Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient care personnel.
Question 9 Explanation:
Structure standards include management system, facilities, equipment, materials needed to deliver care to patients. Rotation of duty is a management system.
Question 10
Which pattern of nursing care involves the care given by a group of paraprofessional workers led by a professional nurse who take care of patients with the same disease conditions and are located geographically near each other?
A
Modular nursing
B
Team nursing
C
Nursing case management
D
Case method
Question 10 Explanation:
Modular nursing is a variant of team nursing. The difference lies in the fact that the members in modular nursing are paraprofessional workers.
Question 11
As a young manager, she knows that conflict occurs in any organization. Which of the following statements regarding conflict is NOT true?
A
Can be destructive if the level is too high
B
Is not beneficial; hence it should be prevented at all times
C
May create leaders
D
May result in poor performance
Question 11 Explanation:
Conflicts are beneficial because it surfaces out issues in the open and can be solved right away. Likewise, members of the team become more conscientious with their work when they are aware that other members of the team are watching them.
Question 12
The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is
A
Dorothea Orem
B
Madeleine Leininger
C
Sr. Callista Roy
D
Betty Newman
Question 12 Explanation:
Madeleine Leininger developed the theory on transcultural theory based on her observations on the behavior of selected people within a culture
Question 13
Which of the following statements is NOT true about performance appraisal?
A
A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute for a written report
B
Informing the staff about the specific impressions of their work help improve their performance.
C
Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal.
D
The outcome of performance appraisal rests primarily with the staff.
Question 13 Explanation:
The patient can be a source of information about the performance of the staff but it is never the best source. Directly observing the staff is the best source of information for personnel appraisal.
Question 14
When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type of standards?
A
Criteria
B
Structure
C
Outcome
D
Process
Question 14 Explanation:
Process standards include care plans, nursing procedure to be done to address the needs of the patients.
Question 15
She notes that there is an increasing unrest of the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of staff. Which action is a priority?
A
Develop a plan and implement it
B
Evaluate the overall result of the unrest
C
Initiate a group interaction
D
Identify external and internal forces.
Question 15 Explanation:
Initiate a group interaction will be an opportunity to discuss the problem in the open.
Question 16
In a horizontal chart, the lowest level worker is located at the
A
Bottom
B
Right most box
C
Middle
D
Left most box
Question 16 Explanation:
The leftmost box is occupied by the highest authority while the lowest level worker occupies the rightmost box.
Question 17
Katherine tells one of the staff, “I don’t have time to discuss the matter with you now. See me in my office later” when the latter asks if they can talk about an issue. Which of the following conflict resolution strategies did she use?
A
Smoothing
B
Compromise
C
Avoidance
D
Restriction
Question 17 Explanation:
This strategy shuns discussing the issue head-on and prefers to postpone it to a later time. In effect the problem remains unsolved and both parties are in a lose-lose situation.
Question 18
There are times when Katherine evaluates her staff as she makes her daily rounds. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of conducting an informal appraisal?
A
The evaluation may provide valid information for compilation of a formal report.
B
Incidental confrontation and collaboration is allowed.
C
The evaluation is focused on objective data systematically.
D
The staff member is observed in natural setting.
Question 18 Explanation:
Collecting objective data systematically can not be achieved in an informal appraisal. It is focused on what actually happens in the natural work setting.
Question 19
Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process is effective?
A
Employees are contended
B
There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.
C
Physicians do not complain.
D
The things that were planned are done
Question 19 Explanation:
Controlling is defined as seeing to it that what is planned is done.
Question 20
Katherine is a young Unit Manager of the Pediatric Ward. Most of her staff nurses are senior to her, very articulate, confident and sometimes aggressive. Katherine feels uncomfortable believing that she is the scapegoat of everything that goes wrong in her department. Which of the following is the best action that she must take?
A
Identify the source of the conflict and understand the points of friction
B
Quit her job and look for another employment.
C
Seek help from the Director of Nursing
D
Disregard what she feels and continue to work independently
Question 20 Explanation:
This involves a problem solving approach, which addresses the root cause of the problem.
Question 21
Which criteria refer to the ability of the instrument to detect fine differences among the subjects being studied?
A
Reliability
B
Validity
C
Sensitivity
D
Objectivity
Question 21 Explanation:
Sensitivity is an attribute of the instrument that allow the respondents to distinguish differences of the options where to choose from
Question 22
She decides to illustrate the organizational structure. Which of the following elements is NOT included?
A
Span of control
B
Unity of direction
C
Level of authority
D
Lines of communication
Question 22 Explanation:
Unity of direction is a management principle, not an element of an organizational structure.
Question 23
She wants to ensure that every task is carried out as planned. Which of the following tasks is NOT included in the controlling process?
A
Instructing the members of the standards committee to prepare policies
B
Reviewing the existing policies of the hospital
C
Checking if activities conform to schedule
D
Evaluating the credentials of all nursing staff
Question 23 Explanation:
Instructing the members involves a directing function.
Question 24
Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers to:
A
Unity of command
B
Esprit d’ corps
C
Span of control
D
Carrot and stick principle
Question 24 Explanation:
Span of control refers to the number of workers who report directly to a manager.
Question 25
Which of the following articles would Kevin least consider for his review of literature?
A
“Environmental Manipulation and Client Outcomes”
B
“Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms”
C
“Outcome Standards in Tertiary Health Care Institutions”
D
“Story-Telling and Anxiety Reduction Among Pediatric Patients”
Question 25 Explanation:
The article is for pediatric patients and may not be relevant for adult patients.
Question 26
Alexandra is tasked to organize the new wing of the hospital. She was given the authority to do as she deems fit. She is aware that the director of nursing has substantial trust and confidence in her capabilities, communicates through downward and upward channels and usually uses the ideas and opinions of her staff. Which of the following is her style of management?
A
Consultative
B
Benevolent –authoritative
C
Exploitive-authoritative
D
Participative
Question 26 Explanation:
A consultative manager is almost like a participative manager. The participative manager has complete trust and confidence in the subordinate, always uses the opinions and ideas of subordinates and communicates in all directions.
Question 27
Which phase of the employment process includes getting on the payroll and completing documentary requirements?
A
Selection
B
Recruitment
C
Induction
D
Orientation
Question 27 Explanation:
This step in the recruitment process gives time for the staff to submit all the documentary requirements for employment.
Question 28
Aubrey thinks about primary nursing as a system to deliver care. Which of the following activities is NOT done by a primary nurse?
A
Provides care for 5-6 patients during their hospital stay.
B
Performs comprehensive initial assessment
C
Collaborates with the physician
D
Provides care to a group of patients together with a group of nurses
Question 28 Explanation:
This function is done in team nursing where the nurse is a member of a team that provides care for a group of patients.
Question 29
St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new Performance Improvement Department. Ms. Valencia is appointed as the Quality Control Officer. She commits herself to her new role and plans her strategies to realize the goals and objectives of the department. Which of the following is a primary task that they should perform to have an effective control system?
Make an interpretation about strengths and weaknesses
D
Measure actual performances
Question 29 Explanation:
Identify the values of the department will set the guiding principles within which the department will operate its activities
Question 30
She tries to design an organizational structure that allows communication to flow in all directions and involve workers in decision making. Which form of organizational structure is this?
A
Decentralized
B
Centralized
C
Matrix
D
Informal
Question 30 Explanation:
Decentralized structures allow the staff to make decisions on matters pertaining to their practice and communicate in downward, upward, lateral and diagonal flow.
Question 31
Which of the following variables will he likely EXCLUDE in his study?
A
Salary of nurses
B
Competence of nurses
C
Responsiveness of staff
D
Caring attitude of nurses
Question 31 Explanation:
Salary of staff nurses is not an indicator of patient satisfaction, hence need not be included as a variable in the study.
Question 32
She plans of assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy. Which process refers to this?
A
Scheduling
B
Recruitment
C
Induction
D
Staffing
Question 32 Explanation:
Staffing is a management function involving putting the best people to accomplish tasks and activities to attain the goals of the organization.
Question 33
Raphael is interested to learn more about transcultural nursing because he is assigned at the family suites where most patients come from different cultures and countries. Which of the following designs is appropriate for this study?
A
Grounded theory
B
Phenomenology
C
Ethnography
D
Case study
Question 33 Explanation:
Ethnography is focused on patterns of behavior of selected people within a culture
Question 34
He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for evaluation. Which of the following criteria refers to the consistency or the ability to yield the same response upon its repeated administration?
A
Reliability
B
Sensitivity
C
Objectivity
D
Validity
Question 34 Explanation:
Reliability is repeatability of the instrument; it can elicit the same responses even with varied administration of the instrument
Question 35
He plans to use a Likert Scale to determine
A
degree of acceptance
B
level of satisfaction
C
compliance to expected standards
D
degree of agreement and disagreement
Question 35 Explanation:
Likert scale is a 5-point summated scale used to determine the degree of agreement or disagreement of the respondents to a statement in a study.
Question 36
She conducts a 6-month performance review session with a staff member. Which of the following actions is appropriate?
A
She informs the staff that she may ask another nurse to read the appraisal before the session is over.
B
She asks another nurse to attest the session as a witness.
C
She tells the staff that the session is manager-centered.
D
The session is private between the two members.
Question 36 Explanation:
The session is private between the manager and the staff and remains to be so when the two parties do not divulge the information to others.
Question 37
He plans for his sampling method. Which sampling method gives equal chance to all units in the population to get picked?
A
Quota
B
Judgment
C
Accidental
D
Random
Question 37 Explanation:
Random sampling gives equal chance for all the elements in the population to be picked as part of the sample.
Question 38
Kathleen knows that one of her staff is experiencing burnout. Which of the following is the best thing for her to do?
A
Advise her staff to go on vacation.
B
Ignore her observations; it will be resolved even without intervention
C
Remind her to show loyalty to the institution.
D
Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be of help.
Question 38 Explanation:
Reaching out and helping the staff is the most effective strategy in dealing with burn out. Knowing that someone is ready to help makes the staff feel important; hence her self-worth is enhanced.
Question 39
She decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of the following is an advantage of this system of staffing?
A
Conserves time
B
greater control of activities
C
Compatible with computerization
D
Promotes better interpersonal relationship
Question 39 Explanation:
Decentralized structures allow the staff to solve decisions by themselves, involve them in decision making; hence they are always given opportunities to interact with one another
Question 40
He opts to use a self-report method. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about this method?
A
Most direct means of gathering information
B
Most accurate and valid method of data gathering
C
Versatile in terms of content coverage
D
Yields information that would be difficult to gather by another method
Question 40 Explanation:
The most serious disadvantage of this method is accuracy and validity of information gathered
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NCLEX Practice Exam for LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, BIOETHICS AND RESEARCH 2 (EM)
Choose the letter of the correct answer. You got 40 minutes to finish the exam .Good luck!
Start
Congratulations - you have completed NCLEX Practice Exam for LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, BIOETHICS AND RESEARCH 2 (EM).
You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%.
Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%
Your answers are highlighted below.
Question 1
Raphael is interested to learn more about transcultural nursing because he is assigned at the family suites where most patients come from different cultures and countries. Which of the following designs is appropriate for this study?
A
Grounded theory
B
Case study
C
Phenomenology
D
Ethnography
Question 1 Explanation:
Ethnography is focused on patterns of behavior of selected people within a culture
Question 2
Which criteria refer to the ability of the instrument to detect fine differences among the subjects being studied?
A
Sensitivity
B
Validity
C
Reliability
D
Objectivity
Question 2 Explanation:
Sensitivity is an attribute of the instrument that allow the respondents to distinguish differences of the options where to choose from
Question 3
Alexandra is tasked to organize the new wing of the hospital. She was given the authority to do as she deems fit. She is aware that the director of nursing has substantial trust and confidence in her capabilities, communicates through downward and upward channels and usually uses the ideas and opinions of her staff. Which of the following is her style of management?
A
Exploitive-authoritative
B
Consultative
C
Benevolent –authoritative
D
Participative
Question 3 Explanation:
A consultative manager is almost like a participative manager. The participative manager has complete trust and confidence in the subordinate, always uses the opinions and ideas of subordinates and communicates in all directions.
Question 4
As a young manager, she knows that conflict occurs in any organization. Which of the following statements regarding conflict is NOT true?
A
Can be destructive if the level is too high
B
May create leaders
C
Is not beneficial; hence it should be prevented at all times
D
May result in poor performance
Question 4 Explanation:
Conflicts are beneficial because it surfaces out issues in the open and can be solved right away. Likewise, members of the team become more conscientious with their work when they are aware that other members of the team are watching them.
Question 5
There are times when Katherine evaluates her staff as she makes her daily rounds. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of conducting an informal appraisal?
A
The evaluation is focused on objective data systematically.
B
Incidental confrontation and collaboration is allowed.
C
The staff member is observed in natural setting.
D
The evaluation may provide valid information for compilation of a formal report.
Question 5 Explanation:
Collecting objective data systematically can not be achieved in an informal appraisal. It is focused on what actually happens in the natural work setting.
Question 6
She knows that performance appraisal consists of all the following activities EXCEPT:
A
Setting specific standards and activities for individual performance.
B
Using agency standards as a guide.
C
Focusing activity on the correction of identified behavior.
D
Determine areas of strength and weaknesses
Question 6 Explanation:
Performance appraisal deal with both positive and negative performance; is not meant to be a fault-finding activity
Question 7
She plans of assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy. Which process refers to this?
A
Scheduling
B
Induction
C
Staffing
D
Recruitment
Question 7 Explanation:
Staffing is a management function involving putting the best people to accomplish tasks and activities to attain the goals of the organization.
Question 8
The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is
A
Madeleine Leininger
B
Sr. Callista Roy
C
Betty Newman
D
Dorothea Orem
Question 8 Explanation:
Madeleine Leininger developed the theory on transcultural theory based on her observations on the behavior of selected people within a culture
Question 9
He opts to use a self-report method. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about this method?
A
Versatile in terms of content coverage
B
Most accurate and valid method of data gathering
C
Yields information that would be difficult to gather by another method
D
Most direct means of gathering information
Question 9 Explanation:
The most serious disadvantage of this method is accuracy and validity of information gathered
Question 10
In a horizontal chart, the lowest level worker is located at the
A
Left most box
B
Bottom
C
Middle
D
Right most box
Question 10 Explanation:
The leftmost box is occupied by the highest authority while the lowest level worker occupies the rightmost box.
Question 11
Aubrey thinks about primary nursing as a system to deliver care. Which of the following activities is NOT done by a primary nurse?
A
Provides care for 5-6 patients during their hospital stay.
B
Performs comprehensive initial assessment
C
Provides care to a group of patients together with a group of nurses
D
Collaborates with the physician
Question 11 Explanation:
This function is done in team nursing where the nurse is a member of a team that provides care for a group of patients.
Question 12
Which of the following articles would Kevin least consider for his review of literature?
A
“Outcome Standards in Tertiary Health Care Institutions”
B
“Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms”
C
“Environmental Manipulation and Client Outcomes”
D
“Story-Telling and Anxiety Reduction Among Pediatric Patients”
Question 12 Explanation:
The article is for pediatric patients and may not be relevant for adult patients.
Question 13
Which of the following terms refer to the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to be measure?
A
Meaningfulness
B
Sensitivity
C
Reliability
D
Validity
Question 13 Explanation:
Validity is ensuring that the instrument contains appropriate questions about the research topic
Question 14
Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers to:
A
Span of control
B
Esprit d’ corps
C
Carrot and stick principle
D
Unity of command
Question 14 Explanation:
Span of control refers to the number of workers who report directly to a manager.
Question 15
The following are basic steps in the controlling process of the department. Which of the following is NOT included?
A
Compare results of performance to standards and objectives
B
Set nursing standards and criteria
C
Identify possible courses of action
D
Measure actual performance
Question 15 Explanation:
This is a step in a quality control process and not a basic step in the control process.
Question 16
Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process is effective?
A
Employees are contended
B
The things that were planned are done
C
There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.
D
Physicians do not complain.
Question 16 Explanation:
Controlling is defined as seeing to it that what is planned is done.
Question 17
When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type of standards?
A
Outcome
B
Criteria
C
Process
D
Structure
Question 17 Explanation:
Process standards include care plans, nursing procedure to be done to address the needs of the patients.
Question 18
She checks the documentary requirements for the applicants for staff nurse position. Which one is NOT necessary?
A
Certificate of previous employment
B
Membership to accredited professional organization
C
Professional identification card
D
Record of related learning experience (RLE)
Question 18 Explanation:
Record of RLE is not required for employment purposes but it is required for the nurse’s licensure examination.
Question 19
She conducts a 6-month performance review session with a staff member. Which of the following actions is appropriate?
A
She informs the staff that she may ask another nurse to read the appraisal before the session is over.
B
She tells the staff that the session is manager-centered.
C
The session is private between the two members.
D
She asks another nurse to attest the session as a witness.
Question 19 Explanation:
The session is private between the manager and the staff and remains to be so when the two parties do not divulge the information to others.
Question 20
She notes that there is an increasing unrest of the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of staff. Which action is a priority?
A
Identify external and internal forces.
B
Evaluate the overall result of the unrest
C
Initiate a group interaction
D
Develop a plan and implement it
Question 20 Explanation:
Initiate a group interaction will be an opportunity to discuss the problem in the open.
Question 21
Which of the following statements refers to criteria?
A
Statement which guide the group in decision making and problem solving
B
Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care
C
Step-by-step guidelines
D
Agreed on level of nursing care
Question 21 Explanation:
Criteria are specific characteristics used to measure the standard of care.
Question 22
He plans to use a Likert Scale to determine
A
degree of acceptance
B
level of satisfaction
C
degree of agreement and disagreement
D
compliance to expected standards
Question 22 Explanation:
Likert scale is a 5-point summated scale used to determine the degree of agreement or disagreement of the respondents to a statement in a study.
Question 23
He plans for his sampling method. Which sampling method gives equal chance to all units in the population to get picked?
A
Random
B
Accidental
C
Quota
D
Judgment
Question 23 Explanation:
Random sampling gives equal chance for all the elements in the population to be picked as part of the sample.
Question 24
Katherine is a young Unit Manager of the Pediatric Ward. Most of her staff nurses are senior to her, very articulate, confident and sometimes aggressive. Katherine feels uncomfortable believing that she is the scapegoat of everything that goes wrong in her department. Which of the following is the best action that she must take?
A
Quit her job and look for another employment.
B
Disregard what she feels and continue to work independently
C
Seek help from the Director of Nursing
D
Identify the source of the conflict and understand the points of friction
Question 24 Explanation:
This involves a problem solving approach, which addresses the root cause of the problem.
Question 25
He thinks of an appropriate theoretical framework. Whose theory addresses the four modes of adaptation?
A
Florence Nightingale
B
Jean Watson
C
Sr. Callista Roy
D
Martha Rogers
Question 25 Explanation:
Sr. Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model which involves the physiologic mode, self-concept mode, role function mode and dependence mode
Question 26
Which phase of the employment process includes getting on the payroll and completing documentary requirements?
A
Induction
B
Orientation
C
Selection
D
Recruitment
Question 26 Explanation:
This step in the recruitment process gives time for the staff to submit all the documentary requirements for employment.
Question 27
Kevin is a member of the Nursing Research Council of the hospital. His first assignment is to determine the level of patient satisfaction on the care they received from the hospital. He plans to include all adult patients admitted from April to May, with average length of stay of 3-4 days, first admission, and with no complications. Which of the following is an extraneous variable of the study?
A
Length of stay
B
Date of admission
C
Absence of complications
D
Age of patients
Question 27 Explanation:
An extraneous variable is not the primary concern of the researcher but has an effect on the results of the study. Adult patients may be young, middle or late adult.
Question 28
Which of the following variables will he likely EXCLUDE in his study?
A
Responsiveness of staff
B
Caring attitude of nurses
C
Competence of nurses
D
Salary of nurses
Question 28 Explanation:
Salary of staff nurses is not an indicator of patient satisfaction, hence need not be included as a variable in the study.
Question 29
She wants to ensure that every task is carried out as planned. Which of the following tasks is NOT included in the controlling process?
A
Evaluating the credentials of all nursing staff
B
Instructing the members of the standards committee to prepare policies
C
Checking if activities conform to schedule
D
Reviewing the existing policies of the hospital
Question 29 Explanation:
Instructing the members involves a directing function.
Question 30
St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new Performance Improvement Department. Ms. Valencia is appointed as the Quality Control Officer. She commits herself to her new role and plans her strategies to realize the goals and objectives of the department. Which of the following is a primary task that they should perform to have an effective control system?
Make an interpretation about strengths and weaknesses
D
Identify the values of the department
Question 30 Explanation:
Identify the values of the department will set the guiding principles within which the department will operate its activities
Question 31
Kathleen knows that one of her staff is experiencing burnout. Which of the following is the best thing for her to do?
A
Remind her to show loyalty to the institution.
B
Advise her staff to go on vacation.
C
Ignore her observations; it will be resolved even without intervention
D
Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be of help.
Question 31 Explanation:
Reaching out and helping the staff is the most effective strategy in dealing with burn out. Knowing that someone is ready to help makes the staff feel important; hence her self-worth is enhanced.
Question 32
Which of the following statements is NOT true about performance appraisal?
A
The outcome of performance appraisal rests primarily with the staff.
B
Informing the staff about the specific impressions of their work help improve their performance.
C
Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal.
D
A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute for a written report
Question 32 Explanation:
The patient can be a source of information about the performance of the staff but it is never the best source. Directly observing the staff is the best source of information for personnel appraisal.
Question 33
She decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of the following is an advantage of this system of staffing?
A
Compatible with computerization
B
Promotes better interpersonal relationship
C
greater control of activities
D
Conserves time
Question 33 Explanation:
Decentralized structures allow the staff to solve decisions by themselves, involve them in decision making; hence they are always given opportunities to interact with one another
Question 34
Katherine tells one of the staff, “I don’t have time to discuss the matter with you now. See me in my office later” when the latter asks if they can talk about an issue. Which of the following conflict resolution strategies did she use?
A
Compromise
B
Avoidance
C
Smoothing
D
Restriction
Question 34 Explanation:
This strategy shuns discussing the issue head-on and prefers to postpone it to a later time. In effect the problem remains unsolved and both parties are in a lose-lose situation.
Question 35
She tries to design an organizational structure that allows communication to flow in all directions and involve workers in decision making. Which form of organizational structure is this?
A
Matrix
B
Centralized
C
Informal
D
Decentralized
Question 35 Explanation:
Decentralized structures allow the staff to make decisions on matters pertaining to their practice and communicate in downward, upward, lateral and diagonal flow.
Question 36
She decides to illustrate the organizational structure. Which of the following elements is NOT included?
A
Unity of direction
B
Lines of communication
C
Span of control
D
Level of authority
Question 36 Explanation:
Unity of direction is a management principle, not an element of an organizational structure.
Question 37
Which pattern of nursing care involves the care given by a group of paraprofessional workers led by a professional nurse who take care of patients with the same disease conditions and are located geographically near each other?
A
Modular nursing
B
Case method
C
Team nursing
D
Nursing case management
Question 37 Explanation:
Modular nursing is a variant of team nursing. The difference lies in the fact that the members in modular nursing are paraprofessional workers.
Question 38
Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards. Which of the following is NOT a process standard?
A
Initial assessment shall be done to all patients within twenty four hours upon admission.
B
Informed consent shall be secured prior to any invasive procedure
C
Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital.
D
Patient education about their illness and treatment shall be provided for all patients and their families.
Question 38 Explanation:
This refers to an outcome standard, which is a result of the care that is rendered to the patient.
Question 39
Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be followed. Among the following standards, which is considered as a structure standard?
A
All patients shall have their weights taken recorded
B
The patients verbalized satisfaction of the nursing care received
C
Patients shall answer the evaluation form before discharge
D
Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient care personnel.
Question 39 Explanation:
Structure standards include management system, facilities, equipment, materials needed to deliver care to patients. Rotation of duty is a management system.
Question 40
He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for evaluation. Which of the following criteria refers to the consistency or the ability to yield the same response upon its repeated administration?
A
Sensitivity
B
Validity
C
Reliability
D
Objectivity
Question 40 Explanation:
Reliability is repeatability of the instrument; it can elicit the same responses even with varied administration of the instrument
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1. Katherine is a young Unit Manager of the Pediatric Ward. Most of her staff nurses are senior to her, very articulate, confident and sometimes aggressive. Katherine feels uncomfortable believing that she is the scapegoat of everything that goes wrong in her department. Which of the following is the best action that she must take?
Identify the source of the conflict and understand the points of friction
Disregard what she feels and continue to work independently
Seek help from the Director of Nursing
Quit her job and look for another employment.
2. As a young manager, she knows that conflict occurs in any organization. Which of the following statements regarding conflict is NOT true?
Can be destructive if the level is too high
Is not beneficial; hence it should be prevented at all times
May result in poor performance
May create leaders
3. Katherine tells one of the staff, “I don’t have time to discuss the matter with you now. See me in my office later” when the latter asks if they can talk about an issue. Which of the following conflict resolution strategies did she use?
Smoothing
Compromise
Avoidance
Restriction
4. Kathleen knows that one of her staff is experiencing burnout. Which of the following is the best thing for her to do?
Advise her staff to go on vacation.
Ignore her observations; it will be resolved even without intervention
Remind her to show loyalty to the institution.
Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be of help.
5. She knows that performance appraisal consists of all the following activities EXCEPT:
Setting specific standards and activities for individual performance.
Using agency standards as a guide.
Determine areas of strength and weaknesses
Focusing activity on the correction of identified behavior.
6. Which of the following statements is NOT true about performance appraisal?
Informing the staff about the specific impressions of their work help improve their performance.
A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute for a written report
Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal.
The outcome of performance appraisal rests primarily with the staff.
7. There are times when Katherine evaluates her staff as she makes her daily rounds. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of conducting an informal appraisal?
The staff member is observed in natural setting.
Incidental confrontation and collaboration is allowed.
The evaluation is focused on objective data systematically.
The evaluation may provide valid information for compilation of a formal report.
8. She conducts a 6-month performance review session with a staff member. Which of the following actions is appropriate?
She asks another nurse to attest the session as a witness.
She informs the staff that she may ask another nurse to read the appraisal before the session is over.
She tells the staff that the session is manager-centered.
The session is private between the two members.
9. Alexandra is tasked to organize the new wing of the hospital. She was given the authority to do as she deems fit. She is aware that the director of nursing has substantial trust and confidence in her capabilities, communicates through downward and upward channels and usually uses the ideas and opinions of her staff. Which of the following is her style of management?
Benevolent –authoritative
Consultative
Exploitive-authoritative
Participative
10. She decides to illustrate the organizational structure. Which of the following elements is NOT included?
Level of authority
Lines of communication
Span of control
Unity of direction
11. She plans of assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy. Which process refers to this?
Staffing
Scheduling
Recruitment
Induction
12. She checks the documentary requirements for the applicants for staff nurse position. Which one is NOT necessary?
Certificate of previous employment
Record of related learning experience (RLE)
Membership to accredited professional organization
Professional identification card
13. Which phase of the employment process includes getting on the payroll and completing documentary requirements?
Orientation
Induction
Selection
Recruitment
14. She tries to design an organizational structure that allows communication to flow in all directions and involve workers in decision making. Which form of organizational structure is this?
Centralized
Decentralized
Matrix
Informal
15. In a horizontal chart, the lowest level worker is located at the
Left most box
Middle
Right most box
Bottom
16. She decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of the following is an advantage of this system of staffing?
greater control of activities
Conserves time
Compatible with computerization
Promotes better interpersonal relationship
17. Aubrey thinks about primary nursing as a system to deliver care. Which of the following activities is NOT done by a primary nurse?
Collaborates with the physician
Provides care to a group of patients together with a group of nurses
Provides care for 5-6 patients during their hospital stay.
Performs comprehensive initial assessment
18. Which pattern of nursing care involves the care given by a group of paraprofessional workers led by a professional nurse who take care of patients with the same disease conditions and are located geographically near each other?
Case method
Modular nursing
Nursing case management
Team nursing
19. St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new Performance Improvement Department. Ms. Valencia is appointed as the Quality Control Officer. She commits herself to her new role and plans her strategies to realize the goals and objectives of the department. Which of the following is a primary task that they should perform to have an effective control system?
Make an interpretation about strengths and weaknesses
20. Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be followed. Among the following standards, which is considered as a structure standard?
The patients verbalized satisfaction of the nursing care received
Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient care personnel.
All patients shall have their weights taken recorded
Patients shall answer the evaluation form before discharge
21. When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type of standards?
Process
Outcome
Structure
Criteria
22. The following are basic steps in the controlling process of the department. Which of the following is NOT included?
Measure actual performance
Set nursing standards and criteria
Compare results of performance to standards and objectives
Identify possible courses of action
23. Which of the following statements refers to criteria?
Agreed on level of nursing care
Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care
Step-by-step guidelines
Statement which guide the group in decision making and problem solving
24. She wants to ensure that every task is carried out as planned. Which of the following tasks is NOT included in the controlling process?
Instructing the members of the standards committee to prepare policies
Reviewing the existing policies of the hospital
Evaluating the credentials of all nursing staff
Checking if activities conform to schedule
25. Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards. Which of the following is NOT a process standard?
Initial assessment shall be done to all patients within twenty four hours upon admission.
Informed consent shall be secured prior to any invasive procedure
Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital.
Patient education about their illness and treatment shall be provided for all patients and their families.
26. Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process is effective?
The things that were planned are done
Physicians do not complain.
Employees are contended
There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.
27. Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers to:
Span of control
Unity of command
Carrot and stick principle
Esprit d’ corps
28. She notes that there is an increasing unrest of the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of staff. Which action is a priority?
Evaluate the overall result of the unrest
Initiate a group interaction
Develop a plan and implement it
Identify external and internal forces.
29. Kevin is a member of the Nursing Research Council of the hospital. His first assignment is to determine the level of patient satisfaction on the care they received from the hospital. He plans to include all adult patients admitted from April to May, with average length of stay of 3-4 days, first admission, and with no complications. Which of the following is an extraneous variable of the study?
Date of admission
Length of stay
Age of patients
Absence of complications
30. He thinks of an appropriate theoretical framework. Whose theory addresses the four modes of adaptation?
Martha Rogers
Sr. Callista Roy
Florence Nightingale
Jean Watson
31. He opts to use a self-report method. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about this method?
Most direct means of gathering information
Versatile in terms of content coverage
Most accurate and valid method of data gathering
Yields information that would be difficult to gather by another method
32. Which of the following articles would Kevin least consider for his review of literature?
“Story-Telling and Anxiety Reduction Among Pediatric Patients”
“Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms”
“Outcome Standards in Tertiary Health Care Institutions”
“Environmental Manipulation and Client Outcomes”
33. Which of the following variables will he likely EXCLUDE in his study?
Competence of nurses
Caring attitude of nurses
Salary of nurses
Responsiveness of staff
34. He plans to use a Likert Scale to determine
degree of agreement and disagreement
compliance to expected standards
level of satisfaction
degree of acceptance
35. He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for evaluation. Which of the following criteria refers to the consistency or the ability to yield the same response upon its repeated administration?
Validity
Reliability
Sensitivity
Objectivity
36. Which criteria refer to the ability of the instrument to detect fine differences among the subjects being studied?
Sensitivity
Reliability
Validity
Objectivity
37. Which of the following terms refer to the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to be measure?
Validity
Reliability
Meaningfulness
Sensitivity
38. He plans for his sampling method. Which sampling method gives equal chance to all units in the population to get picked?
Random
Accidental
Quota
Judgment
39. Raphael is interested to learn more about transcultural nursing because he is assigned at the family suites where most patients come from different cultures and countries. Which of the following designs is appropriate for this study?
Grounded theory
Ethnography
Case study
Phenomenology
40. The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is
Dorothea Orem
Madeleine Leininger
Betty Newman
Sr. Callista Roy
Answers and Rationales
Answer: (A) Identify the source of the conflict and understand the points of friction. This involves a problem solving approach, which addresses the root cause of the problem.
Answer: (B) Is not beneficial; hence it should be prevented at all times. Conflicts are beneficial because it surfaces out issues in the open and can be solved right away. Likewise, members of the team become more conscientious with their work when they are aware that other members of the team are watching them.
Answer: (C) Avoidance. This strategy shuns discussing the issue head-on and prefers to postpone it to a later time. In effect the problem remains unsolved and both parties are in a lose-lose situation.
Answer: (D) Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be of help. Reaching out and helping the staff is the most effective strategy in dealing with burn out. Knowing that someone is ready to help makes the staff feel important; hence her self-worth is enhanced.
Answer: (D) Focusing activity on the correction of identified behavior. Performance appraisal deal with both positive and negative performance; is not meant to be a fault-finding activity
Answer: (C) Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal. The patient can be a source of information about the performance of the staff but it is never the best source. Directly observing the staff is the best source of information for personnel appraisal.
Answer: (C) The evaluation is focused on objective data systematically. Collecting objective data systematically can not be achieved in an informal appraisal. It is focused on what actually happens in the natural work setting.
Answer: (D) The session is private between the two members. The session is private between the manager and the staff and remains to be so when the two parties do not divulge the information to others.
Answer: (B) Consultative. A consultative manager is almost like a participative manager. The participative manager has complete trust and confidence in the subordinate, always uses the opinions and ideas of subordinates and communicates in all directions.
Answer: (D) Unity of direction. Unity of direction is a management principle, not an element of an organizational structure.
Answer: (A) Staffing. Staffing is a management function involving putting the best people to accomplish tasks and activities to attain the goals of the organization.
Answer: (B) Record of related learning experience (RLE). Record of RLE is not required for employment purposes but it is required for the nurse’s licensure examination.
Answer: (B) Induction. This step in the recruitment process gives time for the staff to submit all the documentary requirements for employment.
Answer: (B) Decentralized. Decentralized structures allow the staff to make decisions on matters pertaining to their practice and communicate in downward, upward, lateral and diagonal flow.
Answer: (C) Rightmost box. The leftmost box is occupied by the highest authority while the lowest level worker occupies the rightmost box.
Answer: (D) Promotes better interpersonal relationship. Decentralized structures allow the staff to solve decisions by themselves, involve them in decision making; hence they are always given opportunities to interact with one another.
Answer: (B) Provides care to a group of patients together with a group of nurses . This function is done in team nursing where the nurse is a member of a team that provides care for a group of patients.
Answer: (B) Modular nursing . Modular nursing is a variant of team nursing. The difference lies in the fact that the members in modular nursing are paraprofessional workers.
Answer: (B) Identify the values of the department . Identify the values of the department will set the guiding principles within which the department will operate its activities
Answer: (B) Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient care personnel. Structure standards include management system, facilities, equipment, materials needed to deliver care to patients. Rotation of duty is a management system.
Answer: (A) Process . Process standards include care plans, nursing procedure to be done to address the needs of the patients.
Answer: (D) Identify possible courses of action . This is a step in a quality control process and not a basic step in the control process.
Answer: (B) Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care . Criteria are specific characteristics used to measure the standard of care.
Answer: (A) Instructing the members of the standards committee to prepare policies . Instructing the members involves a directing function.
Answer: (C) Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital. This refers to an outcome standard, which is a result of the care that is rendered to the patient.
Answer: (A) The things that were planned are done . Controlling is defined as seeing to it that what is planned is done.
Answer: (A) Span of control . Span of control refers to the number of workers who report directly to a manager.
Answer: (B) Initiate a group interaction . Initiate a group interaction will be an opportunity to discuss the problem in the open.
Answer: (C) Age of patients . An extraneous variable is not the primary concern of the researcher but has an effect on the results of the study. Adult patients may be young, middle or late adult.
Answer: (B) Sr. Callista Roy . Sr. Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model which involves the physiologic mode, self-concept mode, role function mode and dependence mode
Answer: (C) Most accurate and valid method of data gathering . The most serious disadvantage of this method is accuracy and validity of information gathered
Answer: (B) “Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms” . The article is for pediatric patients and may not be relevant for adult patients.
Answer: (C) Salary of nurses . Salary of staff nurses is not an indicator of patient satisfaction, hence need not be included as a variable in the study.
Answer: (A) degree of agreement and disagreement . Likert scale is a 5-point summated scale used to determine the degree of agreement or disagreement of the respondents to a statement in a study.
Answer: (B) Reliability . Reliability is repeatability of the instrument; it can elicit the same responses even with varied administration of the instrument
Answer: (A) Sensitivity . Sensitivity is an attribute of the instrument that allow the respondents to distinguish differences of the options where to choose from
Answer: (A) Validity . Validity is ensuring that the instrument contains appropriate questions about the research topic
Answer: (A) Random . Random sampling gives equal chance for all the elements in the population to be picked as part of the sample.
Answer: (B) Ethnography . Ethnography is focused on patterns of behavior of selected people within a culture
Answer: (B) Madeleine Leininger . Madeleine Leininger developed the theory on transcultural theory based on her observations on the behavior of selected people within a culture